Genetic Factors: Influence on the Development of Thyroid Diseases and Rheumatic Diseases

Autoimmune diseases are diseases associated with dysfunction of the human immune system, which perceives its own tissues as foreign and damaging it. Such diseases are called systemic, because, as a rule, affects the whole system or even the entire body. The incidence of autoimmune rheumatic diseases and their prevalence is sufficiently large in the world. The most common among the adult population is rheumatoid arthritis [1]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic and erosive arthritis and systemic lesions of internal organs [1]. The role of genetic factors in the development of the disease has been is confirmed by various studies on immune genetics [2-4]. It is estimated that about 40% of the total genetic component of RA refers to the major histo compatibility complex the HLA system [5]. A detailed analysis of the associations of RA with the HLA system suggests that HLA alleles are associated not only with sensitivity but also with the protection (resistant) from the development of the disease [6-8]. RA corresponds to the multi factorial polygenic model of inheritance with typical consequences in the family, a genetic marker of disease predisposition and variability of clinical manifestations, depending on gender and age. Genetic factors involved in the development of RA, along with such factors as viral or bacterial infection, joint injuries, hypothermia, sun exposure, medications, etc.) [9]. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is a violation of the presentation of antigens. A dominant role in the selection and presentation of antigens in cooperation of immune cells with HLA genes and antigens, encoded. According to the literature, in European population Association established rheumatoid arthritis adults with the genes of the Gene locus DRB1 *01, *03, *04, [2,3]. The aim of our work was to identify similarities in the pathogenesis of RA and autoimmune thyroid disease to determine the cause of the very frequent thyroid lesions in RA.